The longitude is an imaginary line that circles the globe and is oriented so that it passes through the north and south geographic poles (Figure 6.2, top label). Geographic Coordinates: Latitude & Longitude Often geologists will report coordinates of important features using both coordinate systems. UTM coordinates are more accurate and are used in navigation and field work. Latitude and longitude coordinates are used on NRCan and USGS maps they are simpler to interpret and plot on a map than UTM coordinates. There are two coordinate systems commonly used to define positions on Earth’s surface: geographic (latitude and longitude, abbreviated lat/long) and universal transverse mercator (UTM). Any movement to the right or left will be towards the east or west, respectively. Therefore if you move towards the top of the map you are moving in a northerly direction, and if you are moving towards the bottom of the map, you are moving towards the south. The topographic and geological maps produced by Natural Resources Canada (NRCan, which includes the Geological Survey of Canada, GSC), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) are oriented with north at the top of the map. Title: a name that generally describes the location of the map area. North arrow: indicates the direction of geographic north and.Scale: this defines the relationship of distances on the map to real distances in the area that the map represents.Legend: a guide to the different symbols used on the map, such as lines representing roads and streams.Map area or data frame: the part of the map illustrating the map area itself.Geological maps are maps that illustrate the rock types, rock ages and other geological features of the mapped area. Topographic maps are maps that illustrate the topography (vertical shape, such as hills) of the mapped region. Map Parts, Orientation, & ScaleĪ map is a plan view (viewed from above, also known as map view) representation of an area on Earth’s surface. This is a critical skill to prepare you to learn about more complex geologic maps. In this chapter you will learn how to read and use topographic maps.
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